Hrm in the Knowledge Economy free essay sample

Knowledge is becoming a critically important resource in business organizations. And human resource management is the pillar for any organization. Managing human resources effectively has become vital to organization within the modern and fast-paced business environment. In order to survive in the current competitive environment it is mandatory for every company to recruit the right sorts of people in the right place. Now the question is why this word â€Å"right’’ has been used in here? Because if we recruit a driver to serve the customer in the check out and a person for driving the lorry who does not even know how to drive then we cannot expect the right jobs done by these people. Since today’s economy is the knowledge economy so I decided to show the relation between human resource management and knowledge economy. Knowledge is defined by Sanchez, Heene and Thomas (1996) as â€Å"the set of beliefs held by an individual about casual relationship among phenomena. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm in the Knowledge Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ’ Alvin Toffler (2008) said â€Å"Knowledge is the most democratic source of power. ’’ This paper indicates the relation between Human resource management and the Knowledge economy. So we need to know what is knowledge economy and Human resource management. Knowledge economy is an economy that increasingly bases its economic activity on value enhancing knowledge rather than limited natural resources. It has always been important. It is becoming more important now because there has been acceleration in the creation and dissemination of knowledge. Human resource management is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training. Besides capital, labour, land and organization, knowledge is the great fifth production factor in our economy. Nowadays it is the most precious of the five factors, because it takes so much effort and money to keep it well-nourished. It is the most strategic of the five factors, because we depend on it to develop our business. According to Hecker (2001) â€Å"The knowledge economy encompasses all jobs, companies and industries in which the knowledge and capabilities of people, rather than the capabilities of machine or technologies, determines competitive advantage. Of the 19. 5 million jobs that are projected to be created in the United States from 1998 to 2008, 19. 1 million of them will be in the service sector. ’’ So we can see that from retail sales to computers to biotechnology, these jobs will be more knowledge-intensive in their demands on workers and organizations. This paper reports the result of a qualitative study of human resource management in the knowledge economy. Adding Ideas in the Knowledge Economy: The knowledge economy is about adding ideas to product and turning new ideas into new products. Don Tapscott ((1996) asserts, more added value is created by brain than brawn. He provides a vivid illustration with six key attributes that distinguish them from products that were available in the past. These are the following – 1. They Learn- The more you use them, the smarter they get. The more you use them, the smarter you get. Like some word processing programs. 2. They improve with use- They are enhanced, rather than depleted, when used. They grow up instead of being used up. Like Internet banking. 3. They anticipate- They know what you want, they recommend what you might want next. Like the grocery scanners. 4. They are interactive- There is two-way communication between you and them. Like a ski jacket woven with a genetically engineered ‘phase change material. 5. They remember- They record and recall your past actions to develop a profile. Like internet sales operations. 6. They are customized- They are uniquely configured to your individual specifications in real time at no additional cost. Like injection devices for diabetics can adjust insulin dosage to respond to current blood sugar levels and activity levels. Human Resource Management Work in the Knowledge Economy: In the knowledge economy, HRM work will not be confined to its conventional functions of staffing, training and development, performance management. Human resource management work in the knowledge economy includes both activities that overlap with other traditional business functions and some that are non-traditional. That is why, HRM is no longer simply focused on â€Å"managing people’’ in the conventional meaning of the phrase. Human resource management is now responsible for managing the capabilities that people create and the relationships that people must develop. The Way How Human Resource Management Works in the Knowledge Economy: The traditional HR work is still done by HR professionals but some of that work is outsourced (staffing, benefits). In the knowledge economy, responsibility for HR will truly be jointly shared among HR managers, employees and external vendors as HRM works expands. The Opportunity of Human Resource Management in the Knowledge Economy: Don Tapscott (1996) argues that â€Å"the human resource function in general and human resource professionals in particular, should be uniquely positioned to provide leadership for the transformation of the enterprise. As we move into the digital economy, the human resource profession needs to reinvent itself and forge partnerships with others in the organization for the transformation of the corporation. ’’ How Technology can Change Human Resource Management Function: By increasing administrative efficiency, technology allows HR to have fewer staff making more value-added contributions to their organizations. Like if we think about the self check out system in the super market then we can understand that knowledge made life so easy. HR department can take few staffs what will cost them less for training and developing purpose. Computer technology also made life so easy. Now people do not need to type anything for long period of time. They can write within a very short time with the computer. Technology promises to impact HR in ways far beyond simply automating clerical activities. According to Boyett et al. (2001) twenty-one HR systems professionals have identified the following technology trends affecting HR that are in various stages of becoming realities. Like- ? Fast and cheap access to accurate real time HR information. ? Ubiquitous access to information to improve employee effectiveness and efficiency. ? A variety of analytics and decision tress. ? Smart self-service. ? Customized contents. New Roles and Challenges for Human Resource Management: Organizations will need HRM that is r ole based to effectively compete in the knowledge economy which is not tied to specific functional responsibilities, as in the past. Four roles are identified that make it possible to create those needed capabilities. Like Coy (2000) proclaims in his Business Week article â€Å"The turn of the millennium is a turn from hamburgers to software. Software is an idea, hamburger is a cow. There will still be hamburger makers in the twenty-first century, of course, but the power, prestige, and money will flow to companies with indispensable intellectual property. ’’ Later the article proposed- In the creative economy, the most important intellectual property isn’t software or music or movies. It’s the stuff inside employees’ heads. When assets were physical things like coal mines, shareholders truly owned them. But when the vital assets are people, there can be no true ownership (by anyone other than the individual employee). The best that corporations can do is to create an environment that makes the best people want to stay. Roles: ? Human capital steward Challenges: ? Intellectual capital is bought and sold in human capital market and it is not owned by the employer. ? Here workers are like free agents or volunteers. Organizational competence in the knowledge economy: According to Doz et al. , (2001), Winners in the knowledge economy will have to outdistance their competitors on three different levels. Like – 1. Competing on the sensing plane. 2. Competing on the mobilizing plane. 3. Competing on the operating plane. Organizations will have to constantly search out knowledge that could lead to the development of new products and services. Human capital is difficult but not impossible to measure. Some companies have made major efforts to develop metrics useful for characterizing their human capital. Edvinsson Malone (1997), presented in a table about Skandia’s Human Capital measurement where he described- Skandia, an international financial service company, is pioneer in measuring and managing human capital. They have developed several useful indexes. Recognizing and Rewarding the Value of Workers: Rewards are linked to the success of the whole organization. Employees earn their rewards by delivering real value to customers. Achievement of high performance may be through positive rewards or the fear of job insecurity. Rewards motivate the workforce. Motivation is anything that drives anyone to achieve their objectives. A motive is a need or a driving force within a person. The process of motivation involves choosing between alternative forms of action in order to achieve some desired end or goal. For motivating the workforce HR professionals need to follow some theories. Here knowledge comes again. All the theories are the reflection of the knowledge of the people which they are selling. If we think about the J. Sainsbury’s Plc then we can see that they are using a blend mix of some theories. To motivate its workforce it has ‘Shining Star’, ‘Pension’ ‘Bonus Scheme’ and so on. Here we can see the HR of Sainsbury’s taking the advantages of knowledge to get the competitive advantages in today’s economy. Rewards are based on contribution rather than on hierarchy. This means that HRM need to thoroughly understand how their firm intends to create competitive value and to be able to design ways to create the needed human capital in anticipation of strategic initiatives. Teamwork to Build the Organization: Teams define goals and maintain controls. Human resource management’s responsibilities are to make a good team in the organization to design selection, compensation, appraisal and training practices. Block (1993), said HRM must see its â€Å"primary contribution as creating a governance system of partnership and self-management. ’’ Human Capital Investments in the Knowledge Economy: Human capital investments include direct costs associated with pay and benefits as well as indirect costs, such as training and education. Ulrich (1998) describes five different human capital investment choices designed to create both competence and commitment to the firm: ? Buy: Acquire new talent by hiring individuals from outside the firm or from elsewhere within the firm. Build: Train or develop talent through formal job training, job rotation, job assignment and action learning. ? Borrow: From partnership with people outside the firm to find new ideas. ? Bounce: Remove individuals with low or sub-par performance. ? Bind: Retain the most talented employees. In the knowledge economy, human capital can be obtained from either inside or outside of the organization more easily than ever before. Organizational Learning in the Knowledge Economy: Kolb (1984) said that â€Å"Most would agree that individual learning preceded or at least co-occurs with any form of collective knowledge in an organization. At an individual level, experiential learning follows a cycle of experience, reflection, concept formation and testing of implications. ’’ In organization, the shift towards a knowledge-based economy involves a shift in organization away from top-down hierarchical structures to flatter structures such as networks of semi-autonomous teams. Knowledge is best acquired not by passive rote memorization but by the active involvement of the learner. Learning is by doing, not by watching or memorizing. It is the responsibilities of the HR professionals to make a good organizational learning environment for their development. Importance of Knowledge Economy on Human Resource Management: New economy is the knowledge economy that is why the HR function in the future will be very difficult from that in the past. The companies that do not see this and do not act accordingly will have a serious problem with the core assets of the â€Å"new economy’’: the knowledge workers and the knowledge professionals. Knowledge economy and human resource management draw together various stands of theory, research and practice to develop a better understanding of these issues, with special emphasis on HRM practice in knowledge-intensive organizations. The major connection is that the managers of the knowledge-intensive organizations are confronting major new issues in co-ordinating and directing the effort of knowledge workers. HRM in a Competitive Market: In the competitive market organization needs to have competitive advantages. When companies are applying new strategies which are giving them more sales and profits, then other companies need to apply more advanced strategies to go forward. Using knowledge people are making new strategies which are effective and demandable. To stay forward with the competitor organizations are applying those strategies to manage their human capital. So in the knowledge economy every HR professional should take this advantage for their betterment. Conclusions: Organizations are recognizing the importance of intellectual capital and knowledge to competitive success. Still the field of human resource management continues to be criticized for its operational and bureaucratic focus. Human Resource Management in the Knowledge Economy examines how HRM must change to be a vital part of the organization. The policies, programs and practices of human resource management that served companies well in the industrial era will not be adequate for the challenges of the new, knowledge-based economy. A number of less familiar characteristic shapes the competitive landscape in the emerging business setting. The context for decision-making and action has changed as jobs and roles are continuously redefined. Organizations must operate effectively in the face of uncertainty caused by incomplete, inaccurate, and contradictory information. To sum up, knowledge is the primary component of virtually all products, services and work activities. The effective production, accumulation, and handling of knowledge are becoming key sources of competitive advantage distinguishing business, industries and nations.

Using the Spanish Verb Traer

Using the Spanish Verb Traer Although the very common Spanish verb traer is the one most often used to translate the English verb to bring, it is also used in a wide variety of other situations. Keep in Mind Traer most commonly conveys the idea of bringing, either literally or figuratively.Traer can refer to causing a result. It can also mean the wearing of clothing.Traer is irregularly conjugated. Traer Meaning 'To Bring' Here are some examples of traer meaning bring: El cartero me trajo el iPad. (The letter carrier brought me the iPad.)Hoy te traemos la à ºltimas noticias de la guerra. (Today we are bringing you the latest news about the war.)Cada semana Pablo me trae flores. (Pablo brings me flowers every week).Trigame un cafà © sin leche. (Bring me a coffee without milk.) Often, traer carries a meaning similar to bring but is best translated in another way: Por ese motivo te traigo algunos consejos. (That is why Im giving you some advice.)Esta cmara no trae flash. (This camera doesnt have flash.)El libro trae los mapas ms actualizados de Argentina. (The book has the most current maps of Argentina.)Esto me trae felicidad en el ms profundo sentido. (This makes me happy in the deepest sense.)La meditacià ³n diaria te traer paz y claridad. (Daily meditation will give you peace and clarity.)Una tarde lluviosa nos traerà ­a recuerdos de infancia. (A afternoon rain had us reminiuscing about our childhood.) Traer With Other Meanings As sometimes does the word bring, traer can also mean to cause, especially when referring to difficulties: Beber en exceso me trae muchos problemas. (Drinking too much causes me many problems.)El asma trae dificultad para respirar. (Asthma causes difficulty in breathing.)Todo esa situacià ³n me he traà ­do una enfermedad gastrointestinal. (This whole situation has given me a gastrointestinal illness.) When used with articles of clothing and similar personal effects, traer can mean to wear:  ¿Por quà © Mickey Mouse no trae camisa? (Why doesnt Mickey Mouse wear a shirt?)A veces traigo lentes tipo motociclista. (Sometimes I wear motorcycle goggles.)No me gusta traer los zapatos sin calcetines. (I dont like wearing shoes without socks.) Using the Reflexive Traerse Finally, in the reflexive form, traerse sometimes indicates what is happening with the subject of the verb:  ¿Quà © se trae tu familia? (Whats going on with your family? Whats your family up to?)Me parece que Netflix no funciona.  ¿Quà © se traer? (It appears to me that Netflix isnt working. What could be going on?) Phrases Using Traer Traer is used in numerous phrases and idioms. Here are some of the most common: traà ©rsela floja (to be indifferent) - Me la trae floja a todos aquellos que me bloqueen. (I couldnt care less about all of those who block me.)traer a colacià ³n (to bring up a subject) - Este caso trajo a colacià ³n la importancia de verificar los aviones antes de ser abordados. (The case brought up the importance of testing the planes before they are boarded.)traer a la luz (to reveal or bring to light) - El caso trajo a la luz un problema que tiene profundas raà ­ces en la polà ­tica mexicana. (The case brought to light a problem that has deep roots in Mexican politics.)trael al caso (to bear or keep in mind) - Traigamos al caso las palabras de nuestros padres. (Lets keep in mind the words of our parents.)traer de cabeza (to figuratively cause a headache) - Esta tableta es atractiva, pero va a traer de cabeza a la hora de repararlo. (This tablet is attractive, but it will cause a headache when it needs to be repaired.)traer loco (to drive crazy) -  ¡Esta computadora me trae loco! (This computer is driving me crazy!) traer prisa (to be in a hurry) - Por favor, trata de llegar lo ms rpido que puedas. Traigo prisa. (Please, try to arrive as soon as you can. Im in a hurry.)   Conjugation of Traer Like nearly all of the most-used verbs, traer is irregularly conjugated. In many cases, a g or j is used in the ending. Some of the most common irregular forms are: I bring is traigo.The present participle or gerund is trayendo.The past participle is traà ­do.The present subjunctive follows the pattern traigas, traiga, traiga, etc.The preterite follows the pattern traje, trajiste, trajo, etc.Imperative forms include traiga usted and traigan ustedes.

Researched essay on dining experience in advanced dementia care

Researched on dining experience in advanced dementia care - Essay Example â€Å"People who reach the advanced stage of dementia when food intake is curtailed have a low metabolic rate. Their resting metabolic rate is low because muscle wasting has shrunk their lean body mass and their brains are atrophic; their metabolic rate above basal is low because they are physically inactive.† (Aldridge 2006) Finally, they have a history of weight loss, which the body adapts to by diminishing its metabolic rate and retaining dietary protein more effectively. This adapted state can persist indefinitely. Hoffer writers, that â€Å"severely demented people may be thin and eat less food than seems appropriate to their physically active (and not infrequently overweight) doctors, nurses, and surrogate decision makers; but in many if not most cases they are not progressively starving. They are in a state of physiological homoeostasis.† (Hoffer 2006) Nevertheless, in some patients the weight loss profile shows that, without tube feeding, death by starvation is unavoidable. Thus, the problem of tube feeding is being discussed. Music therapy is a treatment which uses music and its components (melody, rhythm, vocal and instrumental performance, and so on) to make the patient heighten his perception, improve his â€Å"ability to use speech, motorics, socialization and, to open up to his unconscious self.† (Edwards 2002) â€Å"Musical stimuli like tones or melodies are known to be processed in the secondary auditory cortex in the right superior temporal gyrus.†

Business across the globe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business across the globe - Essay Example Thus, advertisements through myriad media have become critical factors for creating awareness about the products. In the current times, the firms are using innovative approach to advertise their merchandize as it provides them with greater leverage to reach larger customer segment. While sponsorship of events have become hugely attractive, other media channels, especially unconventional mode of publicity like use of public transport, street plays etc are being used on a regular basis by the firms. The exemplary example of British Airways is a case in point which has used underground tubes and local trains. The soft music that plays in the trains and underground tubes is sponsored by the British Airways. In America, the train tickets and bus tickets are used by different companies as advertisement platform. These types of new channels are not only cost effective but they are also able to create awareness about the company and its products across huge database of prospective customers. The wide scope of alternative media has therefore, huge potential to penetrate and create a credible and long term market position for the goods and services of the firms.

The Golden Mean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Golden Mean - Essay Example May sound surprising, yet it is true that the Golden Mean have always been an essential element of the natural world (Lamb 2011). The appearance of Fibonacci numbers on which the concept of Golden Mean is based, on a regular basis in the works of nature do corroborates the ancient conclusion and belief that nature is based on some predetermined and reoccurring patterns (Lamb 2011). Many ancient monuments like the Pyramids of Giza, the Greek temple in the Acropolis in Athens and many medieval churches had been designed in conformation with the Golden Mean (Knott 2010). In a contemporary context, the United Nations Headquarters building located at New York had been designed in consonance with the concept of Golden Mean (Knott 2010). It was an international committee of architects comprising of influential and renowned architects like Wallace K Harrison, Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier that finalized the design of the United Nations Headquarters building at New York (A View on Cities 20 11). Eventually it was a plan laid out by Le Corbusier, called 23A that was chosen to be the basis for the new building (A View on Cities 2011). In 1950, Le Corbussier published a book named Le modulator, in which he recognized the relevance of the Golden Mean in the contemporary architecture (Knott 2010).

Limitations Of Anaerobic Power In Children Physical Education Essay

Limitations Of Anaerobic Power In Children Physical Education Essay There has been an increasing number of children and adolescents that are involving in resistance training for anaerobic power in schools, fitness centers, and sports training facilities. In addition to increasing muscular strength and power, regular exercise activity in pediatric resistance training may be beneficial. It can influence on ones body composition, bone health, and reduce the risk of sport-related injuries. Resistance training is targeted to improve low fitness levels and poor trunk strength as well as improve health and fitness benefits to young athletes. Pediatric resistance training programs need to be well-designed and supervised by qualified professionals who understand the physical and psychosocial uniqueness of children and adolescents. The different training methods along with the progression of the program over time should be challenging and enjoyable for the children. Introduction Anaerobic power is energy that is stored in muscles in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and can be accessed without the use of oxygen. There are two systems that conduct this type of power which are the phosphagen system and the lactic acid system. People use this form of energy in short bursts that cannot be sustained for no longer than about two minutes. The first stage of the anaerobic power is adenosine triphosphate phospho-creatine (ATP-PC), which only supplies energy for about one to six seconds, after that the phosphagen system takes place, and then the lactic acid system or glycolytic system, which begins by producing energy by breaking down carbohydrates. While these systems are running, the body is using more energy than it can replenish, which may lead to cramping, fatigue, and lactic acid buildup quickly. Individuals should train to improve their anaerobic power by building their capacity to use power systems that do not require oxygen. Measuring Anaerobic Power For adolescence, anaerobic capacity can be measured by using the Wingate test. In this test, a person pedals a mechanically braked bicycle for thirty seconds as fast as possible, and a flywheel is used to count revolutions. Testing an individuals capacity frequently ensures that his or her workout routines are improving their abilities. Direct measurements of the rate or capacity of anaerobic pathways for energy turnover presents several ethical and methodological difficulties. Therefore, rather than measuring energy supply, pediatric exercise scientists have concentrated on measuring short-term power output by means of standardized protocol tests such as short-term cycling power tests, running tests, or vertical jump tests. However, it is possible to measure by finding the levels of lactate on the pre-test and post-test phases as well as the individuals vital capacity. The level of lactate in blood (mmol per liter) is measured in accordance with a protocol that considers the analysi s of a 3mL sample of blood, using the calorimetric method and a lactate analyzer photometer (1). Vital capacity can be measured using a spirometer to measure the maximum amount of air that can be forcedly breath from the lungs after a maximum inspiration (1). As for children, findings have been reported by measuring mechanical force or power output files during sustained isometric maximal contractions or repeated bouts of high-intensity dynamic exercises (2). There is no perfect test, but it is important to acknowledge the benefits and limitations of each testing or training method. However, metabolic adaptations during exercise in children and adolescents have been rarely investigated using muscle biopsies, radioactive materials or arterial catheters. This is due to the invasiveness of these techniques. Ethically for children, measurements have to be relatively non-invasive, and certainly must carry minimal or no risk to health (2). Benefits Resistant training can offer many benefits for children and adolescents when it is properly prescribed and monitored. The potential benefits would be an increase in muscle strength, muscle power, local muscle endurance, enhanced motor skill and sports performance; also an improvement in bone mineral density, body composition, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipid profile as well as a reduced risk of sport-related injuries (3). Also, research concludes that caffeine seems to be ergogenic during high-intensity exercises and has effect on resistance training. High-intensity exercise seems to be favorable affected (i.e. sprinting, sprint cycling power) with methodologies employing protocols that mimic sport activities (i.e. 4-6 seconds) (4). Caffeine seems to be beneficial for athletes in sports such as soccer, rugby, lacrosse, and football (4). Limitations of Anaerobic Power There are limitations when training for anaerobic power. During childhood, children have an immature musculoskeletal system, which is structurally different than the mature system. When measuring, testing, or training for anaerobic power, it is important to recognize the limitations of the immature musculoskeletal system when designing training programs by modifying rules for sports and evaluating acute and sub acute injuries. The reason being of limitations is because of the high risks of children injuring themselves by overdoing their muscles during heavy weight training. Risks and Concerns Since anaerobic power involves explosive movements, there are some risks and concerns that one must take into consideration. Macrotrauma is a fast and sudden injury caused by a major force of action. For example, the injury could be due to a fall or hit during physical activity.   Macrotrauma can cause injuries such as fractures, sprains of ligaments, muscle strains, and bruises.   Also, there are risks of microtrauma, which is due to a repetitive injury over a long period of time. Types of injuries include stress fractures and many other syndromes. Macrotrauma can occur when performing in organized sports or during free play, and prevention of injuries requires adequate supervision, appropriate matching of competitors, and modification of rules as well. Also, there are concerns about youth resistant training due to the fact that there is potential injury to the physis or growth plate in a young lifters body (3). However, the risk levels for adolescents is slightly smaller, which is why they are able to compete effectively and safely in anaerobic events and competition with supervision and guidance that is responsive to their unique musculoskeletal. Guidelines for pediatric resistant training should be followed for the safety of the children from serious injuries. Training for Anaerobic Power For children, it is suggested that kids should not put a lot of stress or over stress their bodies when it comes to weight training. Specialists believe that sports such as track and field (throw and jump events), basketball and volleyball (vertical jump) include anaerobic power for kids when power training. As for adolescence, they are able to do a more concentrated and modified training for anaerobic power such as plyometrics, ballistics, explosive strength training, and heavy strength training. Although there is no minimum age requirement at which children can start to resistant train, all participants must be mentally and physically ready to comply with coaching instructions and undergo the stress of a training program and if a child is ready for participation in sport activities (generally age 7 or 8), then he or she is ready for some type of resistant training (3). When designing resistant training programs for young athletes, the acute program design variables that should be c onsidered when designing pediatric resistant training programs include 1) warm-up and cool-down, 2) selection and order of exercise, 3) training intensity and volume, 4) rest intervals between sets and exercises, and 5) repetition velocity (3). The warm-up and cool-down is designed to evaluate core body temperature, enhance motor unit excitability, improve kinesthetic awareness, and maximize active ranges of motion (3). In selection and order of exercise, the individual must start with simple exercises and gradually progress to more advanced workouts. Training intensity and volume is referred to as the amount of resistance used and total amount worked during a training session. As for rest intervals between sets and exercises, 2-3 minutes are recommended for adult lifters. However, children and adolescents can resist fatigue to a greater extent, which gives them a 1 minute rest interval when performing a moderate-intensity resistance exercise activity. In repetition velocity, as you th increase movement velocity during training, it is critical that technical performance of each exercise is mastered before progressing to more advanced movements (3). Child and Adult Differences According to research, it is said that children are able to resist fatigue better than adults during one or several repeated high-intensity exercise bouts (2). During growth and development, mass-related short-term power output increases dramatically, and the increase in peak blood lactate becomes lower. Adults who complete strenuous exercise are usually exhausted and need several hours to recover from their effort. In contrast, children often request to repeat high-intensity exercises 15-30 minutes after their completion because they think that they could improve their previous performance (2). This shows that the observed difference between children, adolescents, and adults during short-term power output testing may be due to neuromuscular and hormonal factors as well as improved motor coordination. Conclusion Anaerobic fitness is used every day during the pediatric stages of life and has been given the impression that it has the potential to offer observable health and fitness value to children and adolescents (3). During physical activity or sport, it is known that the child is more attracted to short-burst or fast-like movements than to long-term activities. Also, it is well known that in anaerobic activities such as sprint cycling, sprint running or sprint swimming, the childs performance is poorer than the adult. This is partly due to the childs slower ability to generate mechanical energy from chemical energy sources during short-term high-intensity work or exercise. There are many studies that people believe how anaerobic power plays a huge role and how anaerobic activity works as well as why people need it. Also, it is known that increasing your anaerobic capacity can give you significant improvements in the efficiency of your aerobic system. Information shows that as children start to transition into adolescence and into adulthood, their recovery time increases, they are able to tolerate a lot more stress, and be more efficient anaerobically making them able to last longer while doing an intense activity. Overuse injuries due to repetitive microtrauma represents a new spectrum of injury that has arisen with the rise in organized sport for adolescents. Injury prevention for overuse injuries requires recognition of the risk factors for injury, and an appropriate modification and diversification of training regimens, an optimization of mechanics with technique and equipment, and adequate conditioning.

The Lottery Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Message Sent in â€Å"The Lottery†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The shock value of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is not only widely known, but also widely felt. Her writing style effectively allows the reader to pass a judgment on themselves and the society in which they live. In â€Å"The Lottery† Jackson is making a comparison to human nature. It is prominent in all human civilizations to take a chance as a source of entertainment and as this chance is taken, something is both won and lost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As long as human civilization has existed, so has the idea of death or suffering, or taking a chance of death or suffering, as a form of entertainment. This can be traced back as far the day of the Roman gladiator, when an event was staged in a coliseum where people watched someone lose their life as a form of entertainment. Also, executions, once public, provide entertainment as they cause an inescapable excitement as an escape from the normal routine of daily life. This form of entertainment is displayed in â€Å"The Lottery† as the character Tessie Hutchinson is stoned in public because she won the town’s annual lottery and as the character Old Man Warner claims in the story, â€Å"There’s always been a lottery† (Jackson 275). People also take a chance of harming themselves for entertainment in event of drug usage or extreme sports. The townspeople harm themselves in â€Å"The Lottery† by harming another person. However, this form of entertainment can also take another...